Shakespeare: A Life

So little evidence of Shakespeare's life exists that biographers have had to resort to sometimes far-fetched guesswork to flesh out a vivid chronicle of his days. Many of them would benefit from the healthy dose of common sense evident in Honan's latest critical study. As a leading biographer of Robert Browning and Jane Austen, Honan brings a sensible eye to the Sisyphean task of sifting through what is now called the ""Shakespeare Industry."" Synthesizing documentary material on Renaissance England with the latest scholarship--be it Helen Vendler on the sonnets or Leeds Barroll on politics and plague in Elizabethan London--Honan attempts to link, perhaps a little too closely, the Bard's life experiences with his literary representations. In an examination of Shakespeare's schooling, Honan refutes the oft-cited remark that he had ""small Latin and less Greek"" and finds analogies to his student years in such plays as The Merry Wives of Windsor and Hamlet. Honan vibrantly depicts Renaissance urban life, where ""the theatre [was] a quick-paced, disenchanting funfair; with jigs, dancing, dumb-shows and clowns' acts interlaced with drama."" Despite his insistence on historical context, however, Honan reserves most of his critical energies for the poet's high tragedies. In Hamlet, ""pathos arises from his hero's idealization of a prior normalcy""; Othello contains a ""flawless structure of feeling""; and Antony and Cleopatra investigates ""non-literal truth, in myth, fable, and implicit connections between historical epochs."" Studies of Shakespeare frequently reflect hotly contested trends in literary criticism; this biography's value, by contrast, lies in its responsibly researched, unflinching look at what is indisputably the artist's real achievement: ""Far from soothing an audience,"" Honan writes, ""Shakespeare depicts human nature in ways that are at once truthful and deeply troubling.""(Feb.)