Not All Black and White: Affirmative Action, Race, and American Values

Harvard law professor Edley served as point man for President Clinton's affirmative action review and helped shape the ""mend it, don't end it"" policy the president proclaimed. His thorough, useful book shows an academic's sense of nuance and complexity. Edley acknowledges that affirmative action has risks and costs, but believes that the societal benefits justify them. While some posit that affirmative action merely remedies discrimination, Edley asserts that it also promotes ""inclusion""--a term he prefers to the loaded word diversity. He warns cogently that class-based affirmative action will not close our racial gaps, though his defense of affirmative action for Hispanics and Asians could be better buttressed. Edley is most useful when he lays out distinctions, such as in suggesting that the more affirmative action relates to opportunity--as in education--the more acceptable it may be. Ultimately, the author is pragmatic: some forms of affirmative action may create white male victims (he uses the term ""bystanders""), but such programs, he believes, should be minimized in favor of broader, more politically acceptable ones. (Sept.)