Dilemmas of Independence: Ukraine After Totalitarianism

In this readable, informative analysis, Motyl (who edited Thinking Theoretically About Soviet Nationalities ) provides a vital introduction to the history, politics and economy of Ukraine, the ``largest and most powerful country between Germany and Russia.'' He begins by describing how former Communist elites hijacked nationalism to lead the country into independence in 1991. Arguing from an intriguing ranking of factors favoring reform in post-Communist states, Motyl is more pessimistic about Russia than about Ukraine, which at least has shown inclusionary nationalism and tolerance. Ukraine has moved slowly in economic reform because of concerns about stability; Motyl supports such incremental change, warning that ``simplistic solutions . . . are a recipe for disaster.'' He praises Ukrainian leader Leonid Kravchuk but says other lackluster politicians hamper future reforms, setting the stage for possible authoritarian rule. Motyl recommends that Western nations support Ukraine's search for security from Russia, offer economic aid even before reforms are implemented and do more to train elites from Ukraine and other post-Soviet states. (June)