Frontier Rebels: The Fight for Independence in the American West, 1765–1776

The American Revolution has traditionally been depicted as a struggle between North American settlers and British imperial forces, but this intensively researched study from Spero, the director of Philadelphia’s American Philosophical Society Library, analyzes the crucial role of settler attitudes toward Native Americans in sparking the conflict. While administrators in London viewed Native people as important trading partners within their American empire, many white colonists saw them as a terrifying menace and “wanted to be free of the Indians as much as they wanted to be free of their imperial overlords.” Spero tells of the little-studied Pennsylvania backcountry rebels called the Black Boys, who in 1765 revolted against Britain’s willingness to accommodate Native interests. Readers who have been accustomed to considering the Revolutionary War as a conflict between American liberty and British oppression may find this account discomfiting, but Spero presents convincing support for his thesis that hatred of Indians and desire for their lands played a pivotal role in fomenting the revolution and “produced the roadmap” for the next century of American history, delving deeply into previously underutilized sources, including the journals of fur trader George Croghan. Spero’s thoughtful work is an important contribution to ongoing reassessments of the nature and meaning of the American founding. (Aug.)