Jazz in the 1970s: Diverging Streams

In this informative, opinionated history, Shoemaker, a longtime jazz writer and critic, breaks down the 1970s by devoting each chapter of the book to a specific year. After the 1960s—a decade Shoemaker hails as the genre’s most pivotal—jazz was at a crossroads and seeking a new identity. Although jazz in the 1970s is often associated with the word “fusion,” it headed in multiple directions. Shoemaker focuses on what he believes are the decade’s important albums, including saxophonist Julius Hemphill’s Dogon A.D. and Art Ensemble of Chicago’s Nice Guys, plus the establishment of major events such as the Montreux Jazz Festival and Jimmy Carter’s one-off White House Jazz Picnic. At times, this selective history reads like a series of lengthy record reviews interspersed with DownBeat and Melody Maker reviews from the era, accompanied by overwritten prose (“Increasingly, Marsalis’s subsequent recordings combine aspects of reverse engineering and discredited recapitulation theories in biology, which posits that an organism’s development resembles the series of ancestral types”). That said, Shoemaker does provide insight into major and independent record labels and the impact that sampler releases such as The Smithsonian Collection of Classic Jazz had on avant-garde and mainstream listeners. Shoemaker writes for the jazz connoisseur, and his work will disappoint mainstream readers in search of a more complete overview of this era of jazz. (Jan.)