Columbia University historian Mazower (Inside Hitler’s Greece
) is a knowledgeable guide to the dynamics of Nazi domination of Europe. His focus is on the ambitions and foibles of the Nazi leaders, who believed that all of Europe could be made to serve German interests. As Mazower shows so well, almost nothing about the occupation had been planned beforehand. The Nazis improvised as their armies raced through Poland, the Soviet Union and the Low Countries, and Nazi generals and old-line bureaucrats fought among themselves for power and spoils. Mazower’s most interesting commentary comes at the beginning, when he compares the Nazi imperium to other European empires, and at the end, when he demonstrates its long-lasting consequences. The breadth of Mazower’s study is remarkable, but while not diminishing the toll of the Nazi anti-Semitism, he claims, contrary to many scholars, that core of the Nazi worldview was not anti-Semitism, “but rather… the quest to unify Germans within a single German state.” Pulitzer Prize–winner Saul Friedländer’s coinage of “redemptive anti-Semitism” is far more effective at evoking the realities of Nazi rule than any of Mazower’s formulations. Maps. (Sept.)
