Welcome to the Microbiome: Getting to Know the Trillions of Bacteria and Other Microbes in, on, and Around You

DeSalle and Perkins, science curators at the American Museum of Natural History, explore a “paradigm shift from a focus on single pathogenic organisms to understanding communities of organisms living in and on us,” presenting a historical perspective and describing some recent scientific developments. New molecular genetics techniques have dramatically expanded the number of identifiable microbial species, forcing scientists to reconsider the interactions these species have with each other and with humans. The authors reveal the astounding diversity of species composition that exists across body parts and systems within both individuals and groups. As with any complex ecosystem, the human microbiome is composed of species playing varied roles; when a critical species begins to decline, it alters the entire ecosystem. In one striking example, the authors describe the human relationship with Helicobacter pylori, the organism largely responsible for peptic ulcers. Researchers have found ways of dramatically reducing the presence of H. pylori, but this may have led to increased rates of heartburn, esophageal cancer, and asthma. They also present compelling evidence that obesity can be caused in part by gut-bacteria composition. DeSalle and Perkins make it easy and fun to learn about this rapidly expanding field. [em](Nov.) [/em]