Nexus: A Brief History of Information Networks from the Stone Age to AI

Bestseller Harari (Homo Deus) offers an ambitious but muddled meditation on the past and future of information technology. Positing all human history as a history of information—and defining information as “something that creates new realities”—Harari ends up telling a cautionary tale about the power of stories. He argues that prehistoric humans’ harnessing of information technologies led to the emergence of a new “[level] of reality”—the realm of shared belief—and that manipulations of this realm via new information technologies account for both advancements in human civilization and sweeping social ills (for example, the ancient invention of the written document led to bureaucracy, while the 20th century’s overabundance of the written document enabled totalitarianism). Harari sees the rise of artificial intelligence as an inflection point, one that leads either to unprecedented opportunity or to humanity’s obsolescence. Harari’s historical arguments are vague and prone to circular logic, and though his discussion of AI is more focused, he confusingly levels sharp critiques of tech gurus’ utopian claims (raising salient points about the dangerous role algorithms have already begun playing in policing, for example) while still taking their dystopian ones at face value (prognosticating on a rise-of-the-machines scenario in which “AI will just grab power to itself”). Readers who enjoy Harari as a kind of freewheeling conversation partner will find food for thought here. But take this with a heaping dose of salt. (Sept.)